joi, 25 mai 2017
AWS EC2
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) forms a central part of Amazon.com's cloud-computing platform, Amazon Web Services (AWS), by allowing users to rent virtual computers on which to run their own computer applications. EC2 encourages scalable deployment of applications by providing a web service through which a user can boot an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) to configure a virtual machine, which Amazon calls an "instance", containing any software desired. A user can create, launch, and terminate server-instances
as needed, paying by the hour for active servers – hence the term
"elastic". EC2 provides users with control over the geographical
location of instances that allows for latency optimization and high levels of redundancy.
In November 2010, Amazon switched its own retail website to use EC2 and AWS.
In November 2010, Amazon switched its own retail website to use EC2 and AWS.
AWS's history
Officially launched in March 2006 announcing "Amazon S3(TM)," cloud storage, Amazon Web Services provides online services for other web sites or client-side applications.
Most of these services are not exposed directly to end users, but
instead, offer functionality that other developers can use in their
applications. Amazon Web Services’ offerings are accessed over HTTP, using the REST architectural style and SOAP protocol. All services are billed based on usage, but how usage is measured for billing varies from service to service.
In late 2003, Chris Pinkham and Benjamin Black presented a paper describing a vision for Amazon's retail computing infrastructure that was completely standardized, completely automated, and would rely extensively on web services for services such as storage, drawing on internal work already underway. Near the end, they mentioned the possibility of selling virtual servers as a service, proposing the company could generate revenue from the new infrastructure investment. The first AWS service launched for public usage was Simple Queue Service in November 2004.
Amazon EC2 was built by a team in Cape Town, South Africa, under Pinkham and lead developer Christoper Brown.
In June 2007, Amazon claimed that more than 180,000 developers had signed up to use Amazon Web Services.
In November 2010, it was reported that all of Amazon.com retail web services had been moved to AWS.
On April 20, 2011, some parts of Amazon Web Services suffered a major outage. A portion of volumes using the Elastic Block Store (EBS) service became "stuck" and were unable to fulfill read/write requests. It took at least two days for service to be fully restored. On June 29, 2012, several websites that rely on Amazon Web Services were taken offline due to a severe storm of historic proportions in Northern Virginia, where AWS' largest data center cluster is located.
On October 22, 2012, a major outage occurred, affecting many sites such as Reddit, Foursquare, Pinterest, and others. The cause was a latent memory leak bug in an operational data collection agent.
On December 24, 2012, AWS suffered another outage, causing websites such as Netflix instant video to be unavailable for customers in the Northeastern United States. AWS later issued a statement detailing the issues with the Elastic Load Balancing service that led up to the outage.
In November 2012, AWS hosted its first customer event in Las Vegas. On April 30, 2013, AWS began offering a certification program for computer engineers with expertise in cloud computing.
AWS revenue was not stated separately in the past, but in 2012 it was estimated by industry watchers at over $1.5 billion.
On May 13, 2013, AWS was awarded an Agency Authority to Operate (ATO) from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program.
In October 2013, it was revealed that AWS was awarded a $600M contract with the CIA.
During August 2014, AWS received Department of Defense-Wide provisional authorization for all U.S. Regions.
In April 2015, AWS was reported to be profitable, with sales of $1.57 billion in the first quarter of the year, and $265 million of operating income. Founder Jeff Bezos described it as a fast-growing $5 billion business; analysts described it as "surprisingly more profitable than forecast". In October 2015, Amazon.com said in its Q3 earnings report that AWS's operating income was $521 million, with operating margins at 25 percent. AWS's Q3 2015 revenue was $2.1 billion, a 78% increase from Q3 2014's revenue of $1.17 billion. Q4 2015 revenue for the AWS segment increased 69.5% y/y to $2.4 billion with 28.5% operating margin, making AWS a $9.6 billion run rate. In Q1 2016, revenue was $2.57 billion with net income of $604 million, a 64% increase over Q1 2015 that resulted in AWS being more profitable than Amazon's North American retail business for the first time.
In 2015, Gartner estimated that AWS customers are deploying 10x more infrastructure on AWS than the combined adoption of the next 14 providers. During the 2015 re:Invent keynote, AWS disclosed that they have more than a million active customers every month in 190 countries, including nearly 2,000 government agencies, 5,000 education institutions and more than 17,500 nonprofits.
AWS adoption has increased since launch in 2006. Notable customers include NASA, the Obama presidential campaign 2012, Kempinski Hotels, and Netflix.
In 2016, AWS engineer James Hamilton created a ten-year timeline of the online service. In 2016, AWS founder Andy Jassy was named CEO of the division.
In the first quarter of 2016, Amazon experienced a 42% rise in stock value as a result of increased earnings, of which AWS contributed 56% to company's profit. With a 50% increase in revenues the past few years, it is predicted AWS will have $13 billion in revenue in 2017.
On February 28, 2017, AWS experienced a massive outage of the S3 services in its Northern Virginia data center. A majority of websites which relied on AWS S3 for operation hung or stalled. No data has been reported to be lost as a result of the outage, and within five hours, Amazon reported that AWS was fully online again. The outage was caused by a human error made while debugging that resulted in removing more server capacity than intended and this caused a domino effect of outages.
On April 5 2017, AWS and DXC Technology (merge from CSC and HPE) announced an expanded alliance that increases access for enterprise clients in existing data centres to access AWS features.
In late 2003, Chris Pinkham and Benjamin Black presented a paper describing a vision for Amazon's retail computing infrastructure that was completely standardized, completely automated, and would rely extensively on web services for services such as storage, drawing on internal work already underway. Near the end, they mentioned the possibility of selling virtual servers as a service, proposing the company could generate revenue from the new infrastructure investment. The first AWS service launched for public usage was Simple Queue Service in November 2004.
Amazon EC2 was built by a team in Cape Town, South Africa, under Pinkham and lead developer Christoper Brown.
In June 2007, Amazon claimed that more than 180,000 developers had signed up to use Amazon Web Services.
In November 2010, it was reported that all of Amazon.com retail web services had been moved to AWS.
On April 20, 2011, some parts of Amazon Web Services suffered a major outage. A portion of volumes using the Elastic Block Store (EBS) service became "stuck" and were unable to fulfill read/write requests. It took at least two days for service to be fully restored. On June 29, 2012, several websites that rely on Amazon Web Services were taken offline due to a severe storm of historic proportions in Northern Virginia, where AWS' largest data center cluster is located.
On October 22, 2012, a major outage occurred, affecting many sites such as Reddit, Foursquare, Pinterest, and others. The cause was a latent memory leak bug in an operational data collection agent.
On December 24, 2012, AWS suffered another outage, causing websites such as Netflix instant video to be unavailable for customers in the Northeastern United States. AWS later issued a statement detailing the issues with the Elastic Load Balancing service that led up to the outage.
In November 2012, AWS hosted its first customer event in Las Vegas. On April 30, 2013, AWS began offering a certification program for computer engineers with expertise in cloud computing.
AWS revenue was not stated separately in the past, but in 2012 it was estimated by industry watchers at over $1.5 billion.
On May 13, 2013, AWS was awarded an Agency Authority to Operate (ATO) from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program.
In October 2013, it was revealed that AWS was awarded a $600M contract with the CIA.
During August 2014, AWS received Department of Defense-Wide provisional authorization for all U.S. Regions.
In April 2015, AWS was reported to be profitable, with sales of $1.57 billion in the first quarter of the year, and $265 million of operating income. Founder Jeff Bezos described it as a fast-growing $5 billion business; analysts described it as "surprisingly more profitable than forecast". In October 2015, Amazon.com said in its Q3 earnings report that AWS's operating income was $521 million, with operating margins at 25 percent. AWS's Q3 2015 revenue was $2.1 billion, a 78% increase from Q3 2014's revenue of $1.17 billion. Q4 2015 revenue for the AWS segment increased 69.5% y/y to $2.4 billion with 28.5% operating margin, making AWS a $9.6 billion run rate. In Q1 2016, revenue was $2.57 billion with net income of $604 million, a 64% increase over Q1 2015 that resulted in AWS being more profitable than Amazon's North American retail business for the first time.
In 2015, Gartner estimated that AWS customers are deploying 10x more infrastructure on AWS than the combined adoption of the next 14 providers. During the 2015 re:Invent keynote, AWS disclosed that they have more than a million active customers every month in 190 countries, including nearly 2,000 government agencies, 5,000 education institutions and more than 17,500 nonprofits.
AWS adoption has increased since launch in 2006. Notable customers include NASA, the Obama presidential campaign 2012, Kempinski Hotels, and Netflix.
In 2016, AWS engineer James Hamilton created a ten-year timeline of the online service. In 2016, AWS founder Andy Jassy was named CEO of the division.
In the first quarter of 2016, Amazon experienced a 42% rise in stock value as a result of increased earnings, of which AWS contributed 56% to company's profit. With a 50% increase in revenues the past few years, it is predicted AWS will have $13 billion in revenue in 2017.
On February 28, 2017, AWS experienced a massive outage of the S3 services in its Northern Virginia data center. A majority of websites which relied on AWS S3 for operation hung or stalled. No data has been reported to be lost as a result of the outage, and within five hours, Amazon reported that AWS was fully online again. The outage was caused by a human error made while debugging that resulted in removing more server capacity than intended and this caused a domino effect of outages.
On April 5 2017, AWS and DXC Technology (merge from CSC and HPE) announced an expanded alliance that increases access for enterprise clients in existing data centres to access AWS features.
What is AWS?
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon.com that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms. These services operate from many global geographical regions including 6 in North America.[3] They include Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, also known as "EC2", and Amazon Simple Storage Service, also known as "S3". As of 2016,
AWS has more than 70 services, spanning a wide range, including
compute, storage, networking, database, analytics, application services,
deployment, management, mobile, developer tools and tools for the Internet of Things.
Amazon markets AWS to clients as a way of obtaining large scale
computing capacity more quickly and cheaply than building an actual
physical server farm.
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